Pluggable Fiber Optic Transceivers

An optical transceiver can best be described as a device that converts high-speed data from a cable source to an optical signal for communication over optical fiber. Optical transceivers are used to update the communications networks to manage broadband, to update the data center networks to make them manage traffic with higher speeds, to implement the backbone network for mobile communications.

For transceivers that plugs into Gigabit Ethernet and links to a fiber optic network, the Gigabit Interface Convertor is the standard and SFP is for small form factor pluggable transceiver. The GBIC transceiver operates as an input and output transceiver and is linked with the fiber optic network generally through the optic patch cords. GBIC transceivers are deemed to be ideal for any interconnections over the Gigabit Ethernet centers and for switches environment. The converters are virtually intended for high performance and continuing interactions that have need of gigabit or fiber channel interconnections. From SFP, users are able to generate connections utilizing the multi or single mode fiber optic ports along with the copper wiring.

The GBIC transceiver and the Cisco SFP offer companies with the opportunity to set up a Fiber Channel and Gigabit Ethernet connection effortlessly within their network. However, many Cisco GBIC transceivers would be the Cisco GLC-SX-MM, GLC-T, GLC-LH-SM, GLC-ZX-SM, and so much more. There are also 155M/622M/1.25G/2.125G/4.25G/8G/10G SFP optical transceivers, among which 155M and 1.25G are used widely on the market.

GBIC, SFP, SFP+, SFP, 1×9 covers low rate to 10G products, and is fully compatible with the global mainstream vendor equipment. And 10G SFP+ technology is becoming mature, with rising trend development of demand. 10G SFP optical module has been through development of 300Pin, XENPAK, X2, XFP, ultimately achieving to transmit 10G signals by the same size with SFP, and this is SFP+. SFP+, by its virtue of small size and low cost, meets the high-density requirements of devices to optic modules. Since 2010, it has replaced XFP and become the main stream in 10G market.

The SFP+ modules support digital diagnostics and monitoring functions, which are accessed through a 2-pin serial bus and provide calibrated, absolute real-time measurements of the laser bias current, transmitted optical power, received optical power, internal QSFP transceivers temperature, and the supply voltage. Digital diagnostic functionality allows telecommunication and data communications companies to implement reliable performance monitoring of the optical link in an accurate and cost-effective way.

Optical transceiver market driving forces relate to the increased traffic coming from the Internet. The optical transceiver signal market is intensely competitive. There is increasing demand optical transceivers as communications markets grow in response to more use of smart phones and more Internet transmission of data. The global optical transceiver market will grow to $6.7 billion by 2019 driven by the availability of 100 Gbps devices and the vast increases in Internet data traffic.

A palette of pluggable optical transceivers includes GBIC, SFP, XFP, SFP+, X2 form factors are available at Fiberyes. These are able to accommodate a wide range of link spans. The 10Gbps optical transceivers can be used in telecom and datacom (SONET/SDH/DWDM/Gigabit Ethernet) applications to change an electrical signal into an optical signal and vice versa.

What is XFP Transceiver Module?

XFP is short for 10 Gigabit small form factor pluggable. It is a standard for transceivers for high-speed computer network and telecommunication links that use optical fiber. It is protocol-independent and fully compliant to the following standards: 10G Ethernet, 10G Fibre Channel, SONET OC-192, SDH STM-64 and OTN G.709, supporting bit rate from 9.95G through 11.3G, along with its interface to other electrical components which is called XFI. The 10-Gigabit XFP transceiver module is a hot-swappable I/O device that plugs into 10-Gigabit ports. The XFP transceiver module connects the electrical circuitry of the system with the optical network.

Standard

The XFI electrical interface specification was a 10 gigabit per second chip-to-chip electrical interface specification defined as part of the XFP multi-source agreement. It was also developed by the XFP MSA group. XFI provides a single lane running at 10.3125 Gbit/s when using a 64B/66B encoding scheme. A serializer/deserializer is often used to convert from a wider interface such as XAUI that has four lanes running at 3.125 Gbit/s using 8B/10B encoding. XFI is sometimes pronounced as “X” “F” “I” and other times as “ziffie”.

Types

XFP transceivers comply with the XFP multi source agreement developed by several leading companies in this industry. Typical types for XFP including the SR, LR, ER and ZR. XFP SR working distance is 300 meters max, it works with OM3 10GB multimode optical fiber. The other 3 types work with single mode fiber, XFP LR max distance is 10km, XFP ER is 40km, and XFP ZR max working span is 80km via SMF. XFP is regarded to be the new generation 10G solution after the Xenpak and X2 transceivers, many companies have developed the XFP 10G transceivers nowadays.

CWDM SFP optical transceiver

The CWDM SFP small form-factor pluggable (SFP) is a compact optical transceiver used in optical communications for both telecommunication and data communications applications on the CWDM SFP 1270, CWDM SFP 1290, CWDM SFP 1310, CWDM SFP 1330, CWDM SFP 1350, CWDM SFP 1370, CWDM SFP 1390, CWDM SFP 1410, CWDM SFP 1430, CWDM SFP 1450, CWDM SFP 1470, CWDM SFP 1490, CWDM SFP 1510, CWDM SFP 1530, CWDM SFP 1550, CWDM SFP 1570, CWDM SFP 1590, CWDM SFP 1610. wavelength. It is a popular industry format supported by several fiber optic omponent vendors. SFP transceivers are designed to support SONET/SDH, Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and other communications standards SFP transceivers are available with a variety of different transmitter and receiver types, allowing users to select the appropriate transceiver for each link to provide the required optical reach over the available optical fiber. 

FiberYes.com offers CWDM SFP transceivers which reach distances from 40KM up to 120KM. Frequently used wavelength: 1470nm, 1490nm, 1510nm, 1530nm, 1550nm, 1570nm, 1590nm, 1610nm. Other wavelength options: 1270nm, 1290nm, 1310nm, 1330nm, 1350nm, 1370nm, 1390nm, 1410nm, 1430nm, 1450nm. If you need customized services, please contact info@fiberyes.com for more details.

What are SFP transceiver and SFP standard?

Small form-factor pluggable is the full name of SFP, a prevailing type of fiber optic transceivers in the market. The transceiver can be simply regarded as the upgraded version of the GBIC module. SFP module is the half size of GBIC, but the numbers of ports configured on the same panels are double. Because the small-factor pluggable transceiver is the same function with GBIC, SFP transceivers is also called as mini-GBIC. By placing the CDR and electrical dispersion compensation outside the modules, SFP transceiver modules greatly compressed the size and power consumptions.

SFP Standard

SFP transceiver is regulated by a competition the Multilateral Agreement (MSA) between the manufacturers. The SFP is designed according to GBIC interface, allowing ratio the GBIC greater port density (the motherboard edge of the number of transceivers per inch), the SFP is also known as “mini-GBICs”. Compared with this small package transceivers (SFF transceiver), which is smaller than the SFP, but the SFF is soldered to the motherboard as a pin through-hole device, but not plugged into the edge.

Types

SFP transceivers have a variety of different transmission and receiving type, the user can select the appropriate transceiver for each link, to provide the optical performance can be achieved based on the available fiber type (such as a multimode fiber or single mode fiber). Optical SFP modules available are generally divided into the following categories:

>SX – 850 nm, for a maximum of 550 m at 1.25 Gbit/s (gigabit Ethernet) or 150m at 4.25 Gbit/s (Fibre Channel)

>LX – 1310 nm, for distances up to 10 km

>EX – 1310 nm, for distances up to 40 km

>ZX – 1550 nm, for distances up to 80 km, with green extraction lever (see GLC-ZX-SM1)

>EZX – 1550 nm, for distances up to 160 km

>BX – 1490 nm/1310 nm, Single Fiber Bi-Directional Gigabit SFP Transceivers, paired as BS-U and BS-D for Uplink and Downlink respectively, also for distancesup to 10 km.Variations of bidirectional SFPs are also manufactured which use 1550 nm in one direction

>1550 nm 40 km (XD), 80 km (ZX), 120 km (EX or EZX)

>SFSW – Single Fiber Single Wavelength transceivers, for bi-directional traffic on a single fiber. Coupled with CWDM, these double the traffic density of fiberlinks

>CWDM and DWDM transceivers at various wavelengths achieving various maximum distances for copper twisted pair cabling

>1000BASE-T – these modules incorporate significant interface circuitry[11] and can only be used for gigabit Ethernet, as that is the interface they implement. Theyare not compatible with (or rather: do not have equivalents for) Fibre channel or SONET

Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Fiber Modules

The Cisco® 10GBASE SFP+ modules is one kind of fiber transceiver who offers customers a wide variety of 10 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data center, enterprise wiring closet, and service provider transport applications.

Main features of Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ modules include: it has the smallest 10G form factor ,hot-swappable input/output device that plugs into an Ethernet SFP+ port of a Cisco switch and optical inter operability with 10GBASE XENPAK, 10GBASE X2, and 10GBASE XFP interfaces on the same link. What;s more, it supports not only 10GBASE Ethernet and OTU2/OTU2e, “pay-as-you-populate” model, digital optical monitoring capability, but also the Cisco quality identification (ID) feature that enables a Cisco switch to identify whether the module is certified and tested by Cisco.

Then, some introductions about different kinds of the Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Modules.

>Cisco SFP-10G-SR

The Cisco SFP+ 10GBASE-SR Module supports a link length of 26m on standard Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)-grade multimode fiber (MMF). Using 2000MHz*km MMF (OM3), up to 300m link lengths are possible. Using 4700MHz*km MMF (OM4), up to 400m link lengths are possible.

The SFP-10G-SR price is favorable in Fiberyes. The following products price are favorable in Fiberyes.

>Cisco SFP-10G-SR-X

The Cisco SFP-10G-SR-X is a 10GBASE-SR module for extended operating temperature range. It supports a link length of 26m on standard Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)-grade multimode fiber (MMF). Using 2000MHz*km MMF (OM3), up to 300m link lengths are possible. Using 4700MHz*km MMF (OM4), up to 400m link lengths are possible.

>Cisco SFP-10G-LR

The Cisco SFP+ 10GBASE-LR Module supports a link length of 10 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).

>Cisco SFP-10G-LR-X

The Cisco SFP-10G-LR-X is a multirate 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-LW and OTU2/OTU2e module for extended operating temperature range. It supports a link length of 10 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).

>Cisco SFP-10G-ER

The Cisco 10GBASE-ER Module supports a link length of up to 40 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).

>Cisco SFP-10G-ZR

The Cisco SFP-10G-ZR is a multirate 10GBASE-ZR, 10GBASE-ZW and OTU2/OTU2e module. It supports link lengths of up to about 80 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652). This interface is not specified as part of the 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard and is instead built according to Cisco specifications.

>Cisco SFP+ Twinax Copper Cables

Cisco SFP+ Copper Twinax direct-attach cables are suitable for very short distances and offer a cost-effective way to connect within racks and across adjacent racks. Cisco offers passive Twinax cables in lengths of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 5 meters, and active Twinax cables in lengths of 7 and 10 meters.

>Cisco SFP-10G-LRM

The Cisco SFP+ 10GBASE-LRM Module supports link lengths of 220m on standard Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) grade multimode fiber (MMF). To ensure that specifications are met over FDDI-grade, OM1 and OM2 fibers, the transmitter should be coupled through a mode conditioning patch cord. No mode conditioning patch cord is required for applications over OM3 or OM4. The Cisco 10GBASE-LRM Module also supports link lengths of 300m on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).

>Cisco FET-10G

The Cisco FET-10G Fabric Extender Transceiver support link lengths up to 100m on laser-optimized OM3 or OM4 multimode fiber. It is supported on fabric links only from a Nexus 2000 to a Cisco parent switch. Note this product is not orderable individually.

What is Fiber Patch Cables?

Fiber patch cable, known as fiber optic patch cord or fiber jumper cable, is really a fiber optic cable terminated with fiber optic connectors on both ends. It’s two major application areas: computer work station to outlet and fiber optic patch panels or optical cross connect distribution center. Fiber patch cables would be the backbone from the fiber optics industry. They’re strands of optically pure glass as thin as real hair. These cables carry information via mode of transmission of light. Short patch leads usually created using stranded wire are flexible patch cables. The fiber patch cables are used to plug one piece of equipment into another.

>Types

Fiber patch cables are utilized to two nearby components with fiber connectors. Fiber patch cables come with their respective connectors. They can be an ideal and easy replacement of copper cables because they make use of the same RJ45 connector as copper patch cables. Fiber patch cables can be found in simplex, duplex, multimode, single mode with ST-ST, ST-SC, SC-SC connectors. They are of two prominent types – single mode and multimode.

Single mode fiber patch cables are utilized in long-distance high capacity voice applications like telephone transmission or long-distance gigabit networking. These fiber patch cables can use 9/125 micron bulk fiber cables and connectors at both ends.

Multimode fiber patch cables are utilized in computer industry that is standard for data applications like local area network, wide area network, etc. Fiber patch cables in multimode are available in 50/62.5 micron. SC, ST, LC, FC, MT-RJ, E2000 and MU connectors have polished ceramic ferrules for precision and durability. The SC and LC duplex fiber patch cables come designed with a clip to keep polarity.

ST to ST fiber patch cable gives unlimited bandwidth at high speeds over long distances. These fiber patch cables are ideal for connections between fiber patch panels, hubs, switches, fiber media converters and routers, etc. Fiber patch cables provide higher speeds and increased bandwidth, when compared with conventional twisted-pair copper cable. These fiber patch cables are compatible with all standard fiber optic equipment and connectors. Ceramic connectors of those fiber patch cables ensure low signal loss and high reliability along with total immunity to electrical and electromagnetic interference.

>Application

They have various uses in most types of industries. Fiber patch cables are utilized in Medical Imaging, Mechanical Engineering, LAN Applications, CATV Networks, Telephone Lines, etc. Fiber patch cables have revolutionized the total network industry of telephones, cable, internet, audio applications, etc. The fiber patch cables offer accurate signal transfer that is totally distortion free. Thus because of these cables the audio or video transmission is completely distortion free and crystal clear. As these fiber patch cables use light as a mode of transmission there isn’t any hazard of electric interferences or any tampering.

Passive optical network-PON

Passive optical network-PON is a network that brings optical fiber singal to the end of users by the point-to-multipoint(P2MP) fiber to the premises in which optical splitters are used to “broadcast” signals to many users. A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service provider’s central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) near end users. PONs also are called fiber to the home (FTTH) networks. Using PON system can reduce. The cost of the system substantially by sharing one set of electronics and an expensive laser with up to 32 homes. The main disadvantage is a shorter range of coverage limited by signal strength. While an active optical network (AON) can cover a range to about 100 km (62 miles), a PON is typically limited to fiber cable runs of up to 20 km (12 miles).

PON Groups

• APON
  The first PON systems that achieved significant commercial deployment had an electrical layer built on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM, or “cell switching”) and were called “APON.” These are still being used today. APON systems typically have downstream capacity of 155 Mbps or 622 Mbps, with the latter now the most common. Upstream transmission is in the form of cell bursts at 155 Mbps.
• BPON
  BPON, or broadband PON, was the most popular current PON application in the beginning. BPON uses ATM as the protocol. ATM is widely used for telephone networks and the methods of transporting all data types (voice, Internet, video, etc.) are well known. BPON digital signals operate at ATM rates of 155, 622 and 1244 Mb/s.
• GPON
  GPON, or gigabit-capable PON, uses an IP-based protocol and either ATM or GEM (GPON encapsulation method) encoding. which has a variety of speed options ranging from 622 Mbps symmetrical (the same upstream/downstream capacity) to 2.5 Gbps downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream. From GPON, the future could take two branches: 1) 10 GPON would increase the speed of a single electrical broadband feed to 10G; and 2) WDM-PON would use wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to split each signal into 32 branches.
• EPON or Ethernet PON is based on the IEEE standard for Ethernet in the First Mile. EPON 802.3ah specifies a similar passive network with a range of up to 20 km. It uses WDM with the same optical frequencies as GPON and TDMA. The raw line data rate is 1.25 Gbits/s in both the downstream and upstream directions. EPON is widely deployed in Asia. The system architecture is the same as GPON but data protocols are differenet.

How To Clean The Fiber Optic Connector ?

Fiber optic cleaning is one of the most important thing in the process of fiber optic system maintenance, which is required to keep quality connections between fiber optic equipment. As we know, the fiber optic connector consists of fiber optic plug and the adapter. The ends of the fiber optic cables are held in the core of ferrule in the plug. Keeping the fiber end face and ferrule absolutely clean is very essential, since any particles such as dust, oil or lint on the end face of the fiber, it will disrupt the light transmission trough the fiber and lead to the completeness of optical signals for the component or the entire system.

For proper performance of the SC fiber optic cable, you must keep the SC connector clean and free of dust. Small micro-deposit of oil and dust in the canal of the connector could cause loss of light, reducing signal power and possible causing intermittent problems with the optical connections. Below picture show the part of the end face of an unclean and clean ferrule of SC connectors.

What should be followed before the fiber optic cleaning

1.Before cleaning the fiber optic connectors, make sure to disconnect the fiber optic cables from both ends and then turn off any laser source.

2. Do not allow the end of the fiber optic cable to make contact with any surface including your fingers.

3.Never to bend the fiber cable, which will in turn cause internal breaks along the fiber and cause poor performance or instability.

4.Use the finger cots or powder free surgical gloves to handle the fiber optic cables.

5.Use fresh spectroscopic grade Methanol or Isopropyl Alcohol as the only cleaning solvent.

6. In the daily connection work, a connector housing should be used when plugging or unplugging a fiber. A protective cap should be used to cover the unplugged fiber connectors.

7. In the process of the fiber optic cleaning, the end face of the connector should never be touched and also the clean area of a tissue of swab should not be touched or reused.

Cleaning Procedure

At the beginning of cleaning job, a fiber microscope should be used to inspect the fiber end, if it is contaminated as either images shows below, it should be cleaned with the dry cleaning method.

1.Blow the fiber surface with a stream of Clean Dry Air (the so called CDA), which will dislodge larger, loose particles. Keep in mind, don’t tip the can of the CDA while blowing. Because the liquid may be released contaminant on the surface of the fiber.

2.Place 1-3 drops of spectroscopic grade methanol or isopropyl alcohol in the center of a lens tissue. Do not use Acetone as a cleaning solvent on the fiber optical surfaces. Besides, to ensure the purity of the methanol or alcohol, you should never insert the lens tissue or swabs into the liguid.

3.Hold the fiber by the connector. Place the wet portion of the lens tissue on the optical surface and slowly drag it across. At this step, don’t use lens paper to dry it because the dry lens paper is extremely abrasive.

4.Examine the surface of the fiber under high density light using a magnifier, an optical loop, or a video inspection tool. If streaks or contaminants still remain, repeat the process using a fresh lens tissue.

5.Immediately install a protective cover over the end of the cable to avoid re-contamination or insert the fiber for immediate use.

the world's top supplier of fiber optic products

FiberYes.com is the world's top 10 in the optical fiber communication products online store. On FiberYes.com, you can find all 10Gtek Transceivers Co., LTD factory direct DAC cables including 10GBASE Cables such as SFP+ DAC, XFP Infiniband, MiniSAS (SFF-8088) and CX4 (SFF-8470), and 40GBASE-CR4/SR4 QSFP+ and QSFP+ to SFP+ (4) breakout. All of these products have passed CE, ROHS, etc., and 100% tested.

Why choose FiberYes.com?
1.Best Quality --- First-class production technology & skills with top-clean anti-static workshop and advanced production equipment, together with severe reliability test & quality control speak for our best quality.
2.Lowest Price --- Mass procurement and mass production ensures low purchase cost; improving first pass yield (FPY) and reliability decrease after-sale cost; customized product design gives our products the privilege of low cost and strong competitiveness.
3.Fast Delivery --- Over USD500,000 regular products in stock. Same-day shipping is very common. Shipments are delivered by DHL, FedEx and UPS, etc,. Fast, safe and trackable on-line.
4.Good Compatibility and Stability --- All our products have gone through strict compatibility tests on the prevalent brands of switching devices and router devices. This secures the products' compatibility and stability on your devices.
5.Buy Risk-Free --- Your purchases from FiberYes.com are always risk-free. Contact us if you are not satisfied with your purchase for any reason. We will refund you for items sending back within 7 days after you get them. A full refund will be given if items are returned in their original condition.
6.Privacy --- At FiberYes.com, we understand and respect your concern about the privacy of any information you provide at our site. Any information collected from you are protected from betrayal to any third parties and is for order-fulfillment purpose only.

What does FiberYes.com offer?
FiberYes.com offers DAC Twinax Cables, optical transceivers and adapters for your datacom, telecom and networking solutions:
*10GBASE SFP+ DAC, Passive & Active Cable and Module
*40GBASE QSFP+, Cable and Module
*10GBASE XFP Infiniband Cable and Module
*Internal MiniSAS (SFF-8088) Cable and Module
*CX4 Infiniband (SFF-8470) Cable and Module
10G Transceiver Series: SFP+, XFP, XENPAK, X2
SFP Transceiver Series:100M, 1.25G, BIDI, CWDM, DWDM
SDH Transceiver Series:OC3, OC12, OC48, BIDI, CWDM, DWDM
Optical Patch Cords:OM1, OM2, OM3, OS1
10GB CNA/ NIC/ HBA

Who is 10Gtek?
10Gtek Transceivers Co., LTD is a professional manufacturer specialized in R&D, production, sales and services of DAC Twinax Cable assembly and Optical Transceiver products include DAC twinax cables (SFP+ Cables, QSFP+ Cables, XFP Cables, Mini SAS Cables, CX4 Cables, Infiniband Cables, QSFP+ AOC cables... ) Optical Transceivers (SFP, SFP+, XFP, X2, XENPAK, SDH, Bidi ), OADM/MUX/Demux, Fiber Optic Patch Cords, Fiber Optic Components, etc. The main application fields are transmission network, data network, access network and passive optical network (PON) of metropolitan area network, etc.
10GTEK's DAC twinax cable assemblies are available in lengths up to 15m (50ft) to meet your network, data center, or HPC installation requirements. All 10Gtek's cables have passed Rohs, CE. Plus, 10Gtek's DAC twinax Cables will cross reference with ANY competing brand copper Cable.
Relying on its sharp market insight, strong R&D capabilities and continuous efforts, now 10Gtek has become one of the earliest suppliers for 40G QSFP+ series. Presently, the company products cover all series of different optical transceivers and DAC twinax high performance (speed) cables.
10Gtek adheres to the business philosophy of "Technology Innovation, Quality First, Continuous Improvement, Integrity and Pragmatic". Keeping improving quality, reducing costs, shortening delivery time and enhancing manufacturing flexibility is 10Gtek's constent pursuit.
10Gtek is committed to being a reliable partner in optical communication and high speed data processing industry, dedicated to providing customers with satisfactory services.
Company Goals: To be a strategic supplier in optical networking industry.
Business Philosophy: Technology Innovation, Quality First, Continuous Improvement, Integrity and Pragmatic.
Company Policy: Market leads development, Technology creates products, System makes quality, Service satisfies customers.
Company Tenet: Customer Satisfaction, People-Oriented.
10Gtek brings together a number of experts and engineers who have rich experience in developing optoelectronic products to provide high quality products for the rapid-growing optical communication industry. It aims to respond quickly to customer needs, to provide customers with good compatibility, competitive products and customization and design services.

Do You Really Know SFP-OC48-LR2? Fiberyes

As we all know, SFP-OC48-LR2 is a type of Cisco SFP modules. But do you really know the meaning of the words in the SFP-OC48-LR2? I think the “SFP” and “LR2″ are known as SFP modules with 80km transfer distance by most people, while the “OC48″ is not understood by them including myself before today. And after searching on the internet, I write this article to talk about it.

In fact, many network engineers and IT managers are not up to speed on just what OC really means, although they have used the 2.5G SFP 80km or 1550 SFP 80km. And what all is available to enahnce their company’s applications within this bandwidth category. The first that we should know is, the OC is short for Optical Carrier (fiber optic based broadband network) with speed hierarchy starting with OC1 on optical facilities and going as follows.
OC1 = 51.840Mbps (the basic rate)
OC3 (3 times of OC1) = 155.52Mbps (about 155Mbps)
OC9 (9 times of OC1) = 466.56Mbps (not commonly used)
OC12 (12 times of OC1) = 622.08Mbps (about 622Mbps)
OC18 (18 times of OC1) = 933.12Mbps (not commonly used)
OC24 (24 times of OC1) = 1.244Gbps (not commonly used)
OC36 (36 times of OC1) = 1.866Gbps (not commonly used)
OC48 (48 times of OC-1s) = 2.488Gbps (about 2.5Gbps)
OC192 (192 times of OC1s) = 9.953Gbps (about 10Gbps)
OC48 is among the most used bandwidth that has applications including large enterprise or ISP backbone. Let’s discuss its specific advantages.
The utilisation of the internet by consumers and businesses is definitely an incredible market through which optical carriers are starting to supply the most leading edge appeal. With this particular facet of the internet world in your mind, any business or perhaps consumer should consider the incredible advantages offered in the OC48.
OC48 is used by larger businesses and corporations because they allow for an incredibly fast and dependable source of internet. They are currently equipped to handle probably the most amounts of data in the industry as well as offer the fastest speeds. As such, businesses that current operate on a much grander scale and would like to keep growing are the ones that help the most from this technique.
Within the optical carrier realm of data connection, there are quite a few ranges of speed and capability which are numerically labeled. The OC48 is really the mid-range source of data which allows to have an incredible fast rate of internet connection overall. It is probably the most popular carriers to replace T-Carrier lines. The T carriers of web connection for businesses was discovered and implemented in the 1960s for people who needed the fastest and more reliable data sources on the market for that time. This form of internet sourcing actually led the way for intranets and broad area networks that kept businesses connected all the time.
OC48 is really within the mid range of connection and strength. This range is complete with a processing capacity for 2.5Gbps which is actually quite robust. This really is perfect in strength for just about any larger business to expand within too. This optical carrier system could be quite expensive to establish for just about any business that often ranges in beginning costs of 30 to 40 thousand dollars. The monthly rates are quite steep as well yet many companies feel the costs are justified. As such, this is often from range for smaller to medium-sized businesses.

In order to operate an OC48 connection, there must be an amazing strong telecommunications source operating it. Some of the more reputable isps are beginning to come on line with this particular strength of the system. This, in turn, makes it more readily available for those that wish to use it.

How To Choose A Fiber Transceiver

How To Choose A Fiber Transceiver

Fiber transceiver used in the Ethernet cable cann't be overwritten, you must use the fiber to extend transmission distance of the actual network environment, help fiber last-km line to connect to the metro and the outer layer of the network playa huge role. With fiber optic transceivers, also need to upgrade from copper to fiber optic, but lack of funds, manpower or time the user provides an inexpensive program.

In order to ensure fully compatible with the NICs, repeaters, hubs and switches and other network equipment of other manufacturers, fiber optic transceiver products must strictly comply with 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 100Base-FX, IEEE802.3 and IEEE802.3u Ethernet standard. In addition, EMC anti-electromagnetic radiation shall comply with FCC Part15. Nowadays, the major domestic carriers are great efforts to build the residential network, campus and enterprise networks, so the amount of fiber-optic transceiver products are constantly improved to better meet the access network construction needs.

How to choose a fiber transceiver? Due to fiber converter is one of the LAN connection device, it is necessary to consider the mutual compatibility with the surrounding environment, and product stability, reliability, and vice versa: the prices were lower, cann't get customer all like!

1. Whether to support full-duplex and half duplex?

Some chips on the market currently only use full-duplex environment, can not support half-duplex, such as the receipt of other brands of switches or HUB and it is using half-duplex mode, will cause serious conflict and loss.

2. Whether and other optical transceiver done connection test?

An increasing number of currently available fiber optic transceivers, transceivers, such as the mutual compatibility of different brands of transceivers in advance didn't make the test will produce loss, the transfer time is too long, suddenly fast and slow phenomena such as.

3. Whether there is a safety device to prevent packet loss?

Some vendors in the manufacture of fiber optic transceivers, transceiver, in order to reduce costs, often the data transfer mode register, this approach is the biggest drawback is instability in the transmission, packet loss, and the best is to use the buffer line. can be safe and to avoid data loss.

4. Temperature adaptability?

Fiber optic transceivers, when used, will produce high fever, high temperature (not greater than 85C), fiber optic transceiver is working properly? Is very worthy of the factors that customers consider!

5. Whether conforming to the IEEE802.3u standard?

Such as fiber optic transceivers comply with IEEE802.3 standard, that the delay time control in 46bit, it means that the transmission distance of fiber-optic transceiver will be shortened if more than 46bit!

SAS (SFF-8470) to (4) SATA Cable

SAS (SFF-8470) to (4) SATA Cable 1M

SAS technology guarantees performance at 3.0 Gigabits per second. This 4x SAS cable features SAS type SFF-8470 thumbscrew connectors and External SATA connectors. SAS to SATA breakout crossover cables connect a SFF-8470 SAS Controller directly to 4 SATA drives.

Specifications:
●Length = 1M
●Wire Size (AWG) = 28
●Connector A = SFF-8470 (Thumbscrews)
●Connector B = (4) SATA (SATA )
●Crossover Wiring
●Impedance = 100 Ohms
●High performance 8 pair wire construction
●Exceeds SAS 1.1 and SATA 2 Specification
●Due to the popularity of Mini SAS products, please call to confirm availability.

Source: 10Gtek optic cable

10GbE XFP to XFP Copper Cable

10GbE XFP to XFP Copper Cable 1M, Passive

XFP Infiband Cables were developed to provide 10Gb/s serial links for a wide range of applications including standards such as OC192/STM-64, G.709, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet, 10G Fibre Channel, and other industry standards. It is ideally suited for 10 GbE datacom (belly-to-belly for high density applications) and storage area network (SAN/NAS) applications based on the IEEE 802.3ae and Fiber Channel standards.

Fiberyes.com's XFP to XFP Cable is a low cost XFP-SR Optical transceiver replacement solution, which have equal performance with XFP SR transceivers. This XFP directly attached twinax cable assemblies are suitable for very short distances (0.5m to 15m) and offer a highly cost-effective way to connect within racks and across adjacent racks. Transmitter and receiver are separate within a wide temperature range and offers optimum heat dissipation and excellent electromagnetic shielding thus enabling high port densities. This XFP direct-attached twinax cable assembly is Fiberyes' innovatively designed cable, which is controlled by the MCU on the extraction of A0 and A0H adress bit to meet the requirements of the XFP MSA.

10GbE XFP to XFP Copper Cable

Product Features:
● XFP to XFP Connetor
● Copper Passive
● 1 Meter
● AWG24
● Compliant to XFP MSA
● Compliance to Fiber Channel
1200-M5-SN-l, 1200-M5E-SN-l,
1200-M6-SN-l at 10.51875Gbit/s
● Low power consumption
● Wide operating temperature range:
Standard: 0°C to +70°C
Industrial: -40°C to +85°C
● Hot pluggable
● Lead free
● AC coupling of PECL signals
● Excellent EMI performance
● High reliability
● RoHS Compliant

Applications
● Data networking
● Telecommunications switches (SONET)
● Enterprise storage area network(SAN/NAS)
● Network switches and routers
● 10 GbE datacom (belly-to-belly for high density applications)

Source: www.fiberyes.com

BiDi SFP+ 10GBase-LR Tx1330/Rx1270nm 20KM

BiDi SFP+ 10GBase-LR Tx1330/Rx1270nm 20KM

BiDi SFP+ 10GBase-LR Tx1330/Rx1270nm 20KM

BIDI SFP+ transceivers are designed for bi-directional 10GbE optical data communications such as IEEE 802.3ae 10GBASE-BX by using 1330(1270nm) transmitter and 1270(1330) nm receiver. The transceiver consists of two sections: The transmitter section uses a multiple quantum well 1330(1270) nm DFB laser and is a class 1 laser compliant according to International Safety Standard IEC 60825. The receiver section uses an integrated 1270(1330) nm detector preamplifier (IDP) mounted in an optical header and a limiting post-amplifier IC.

Fiberyes.com offers BIDI SFP+ transceivers which reach distances from 10km up to 80km .

Product Description:

● Operating data rate up to 10.3Gbps
● 1330nm DFB Transmitter / 1270nm Receiver
● Distance up to 20km over SMF
● Single 3.3V Power supply and TTL Logic Interface
● LC Connector Interface,Hot Pluggable
● Compliant with SFP+ MSA Specification SFF-8431
● Compliant with IEEE 802.3ae 10GBASE-LR
● Compliant with IEEE 802.3ae 10GBASE-LW
● Compliant with SFF-8472
● Operating Case Temperature Standard:0℃ to +70℃

Application:

● 10GBASE-LR at 10.3125Gbps
● 10GBASE-LW at 9.953Gbps
● Other Optical Links

Source: www.fiberyes.com

10Gtek SFP+ DAC Twinax Cable 1m, AWG30, Passive

10Gtek SFP+ DAC Twinax Cable 1m, AWG30, Passive

SFP+ Copper Twinax cables are suitable for very short distances and offer a highly cost-effective way to connect within racks and across adjacent racks. SFP+ cables offers a low cost SFP+ solution. SFP+ directly attached twinax cable assemblies supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Fibre Channel, and other industry standards.

10Gtek SFP+ DAC Twinax Cable 1m, AWG30, Passive

Specifications:
● SFP+ to SFP+ Connetor
● Copper Passive
● 1 Meter
● AWG24/AWG30
● Compliant to SFP MSA 
● Low power consumption 
● Excellent EMI performance 
● High reliability
● RoHS Compliant 
● Wide operating temperature range:
Standard: 0℃ to +70℃
Industrial: -40℃ to +85℃

Applications:
● 1-8G Fiber Channel and 1-10G Gigabit Ethernet
● Networking, Storage, Telecommunications
● Hub, Switches, Routers, Servers, Network Interface Card(NICs)

Notice:
1. SFP+ Cables can meet compatibility* with Cisco System (Reference "Cisco Compatiblility Metrix").
2. SFP+ Cables can meet compatibility* with HP-Procurve Systems. Please choose by clicking "Compatible List".
3. SFP+ Cables can meet compatibility* with H3C/3COM Systems. Please choose by clicking "Compatible List". H3C/3COM Systems do not support active cables.
4. SFP+ Cables can meet compatibility* with Intel Systems. For Intel Card, Passive SFP+ cable should be within 3 meters ( 3m included) with AWG24. Longer than 3m distrance, you could choose our Active SFP+ cable. 
5. SFP+ Cables can meet compatibility* with Brocade Systems. Different Brocade systems may require different coding. Please enter your Brocade system model in the Remark box when ordering.
6. SFP+ Cables can meet compatibility* with Huawei/A-lu/D-link/Extreme/Foundry/Netgearg/Dell/IBM/... Systems. Please choose by clicking "Compatible List".

"Meet Compatibility*" means, WORKING with systems, without link or identification problems. 
Please note: 
To "meet Compatibility*" with system, we need to modify the eeprom infomation, wtihout short notice. The information include but not limited to "P/N", "Length", "Vender", etc
e.g.
The modification items:
a. To ensure the product compatibility with Cisco System, our SFP+ passive cables with cable lengths of 2 meters, 3 meters, and 10 meters may be coded as SFP-H10GB-CU1M 
b. To ensure the product compatibility with Cisco System, SFP-H10GB-ACU7M may be coded as SFP-H10GB-CU1M
c. To ensure the product compatibility with Cisco System, SFP-H10GB-CU1M may be coded as SFP-SR

For more information please visit

10Gtek optic cable

SFP+ Transceivers significantly reduce power consumption

EX Series switches support SFP+ passive direct attach cables. The passive Twinax cable is a straight cable with no active electronic components. EX Series switches support 1 m, 3 m, 5 m, and 7 m long SFP+ passive direct attach cables.Small form-factor pluggable plus transceiver (SFP+) direct attach copper cables, also known as Twinax cables, are suitable for in-rack connections between servers and switches. They are suitable for short distances of up to 23 ft (7 m), making them ideal for highly cost-effective networking connectivity within a rack and between adjacent racks.If using SFP+ Transceivers assemblies between equipment that should be open, and the link is not working, a quick check can be performed by plugging in a different SFP+ cable assembly between the same two ports. If the link does come up, it is likely a problem with the first SFP+ cable assembly. If the link does not come up, it is likely a problem with the configuration of the ports or incompatibility between server and switch.There are some instances when passive SFP+ cables assemblies will not work, where the ports require an DWDM Transceiver assembly. Known CNA cards that require active SFP+ Transceivers assemblies include: Brocade (1010/1020 CNA) and QLogic (QLE-8xxx-SR CNA). The EMC VNX Series Unified Storage Systems also QSFP-4SFP1​0G-CU1M – Compatible Cisco QSFP+/4SFP​+ Copper Cable Breakout, 1 Meter
requires active SFP+ cable assemblies.

SFP+ Transceivers a product of our industry leading chip technology

, Apresia, Delta, F5 Netwoks, Finisar, Fortinet, Fujits, IBM, IMC Networks , Palo Lato Netwoks, Sun, Transition Networks, etc.SFP+ direct attached twinax cable assemblies are designed for use in 10-Gigabit Ethernet and 10-Gigabit Fibre Channel applications. These SFP+ Transceivers to meet their common objectives of broad bandwidth, small physical size and mass, and ease of removal and replacement. cables are Direct Att Compatible Cisco 40GBASE QSFP+ AOC Active Optical Cable, 15 Meters ached compliant and compliant with SFP+ MSA specification. Using Linux ethtool I can set the server to run the interface at 1Gb (ethtool -s eth0 speed 1000) but without luck. We're using a SFP+ cable which I believe is backward compatible with SFP.

OM2 Duplex for use in data centers and networks

The patented injection molding process provides each connection greater durability in resisting pulls, strains and impacts from cabling installs.Each cable is 100% optically inspected and tested for insertion loss before you receive it. A pull-proof jacket design surrounds the popular 50/125 multimode fiber, immune to electrical interference.3.0mm thick with a Standard Boot on each end.This is a premium OM2 Duplex Multimode Standard fiber optic cable constructed with highest quality components for unmatched durability and reliability. It is 3 meter in length with a Standard Boot on each end. This cable is appropriate for use in data centers and networks with 1GbE and 4G FC applications.

OM1 Duplex ST coupler end features ceramic inserts

Blue Logic Electrical OM1 Duplex fiber optic cables provide precision and clarity across your LAN network. These high quality cables are built to last and feature exceptional build quality and long life.LC and SC styles for OM1, OM2 and OM3/OM4 '10Gig' multimode, and OS1/OS2 singlemode fibres are available. ST styles are available for 10gtek OM1 Duplex 62.5/125um and OM2 50/125um fibre. All connectors are suitable for tight-buffered 900um diameter fibres. For 1.6/2.0mm or 3.0mm fibre jackets, additional colour-coded strain-relief boots should be ordered separately. They require no adhesive and provide mechanical cable retention that meets or exceeds industry standards.

SFP 1.25Gb/s Transceiver 1310nm 20km has a low dissipation

The SFP 1.25Gb/s transceiver 1310nm 20km works on a dual fiber, which is basically fiber optics that is composed of two strands that are different from each other, but they have the same wavelength. They can be joined or be made into a single fiber or one strand in order to increase the throughput and make the performance even more efficient. It also becomes bidirectional (BIDI) so it’s able work on either direction. A single fiber works on two wavelengths: 1550nm and 1310 nm. Regardless, fiber optics is always considered to be a better investment than other types of cables since it’s more reliable and flexible. The SFP 1.25Gb/s Transceiver 1310nm 20km has been designed to fit a number of SFP cages perfectly. In other words this transceiver can be easily added into any existing network, allowing it to take full advantage of the speed, agility, and performance of fiber optics.
It also comes with a Duplex LC connector, which is designed by Lucent Technologies (hence the name). It then looks like an RJ45 connector, but it’s basically a duplex connector that QSFP-H40G-​CU3M – Compatible Cisco 40GbE QSFP+ QDR Direct-Att​ach Copper Cable 3ml is both connected via clip. You can use this to attach the transceiver into the cage.

These SFP+ Passive DAC copper cables provide an affordable

The active twin-ax cable has active electronic components in the SFP+ housing to improve the signal quality; the passive twin-ax cable is just a straight “wire” and contain no active components.Our TOptics twinax cables are guaranteed 100% compatible and carry the Simple Technology no quibble money back guarantee and lifetime warranty.While data center administrators have a number of 10GE interfaces to choose from, including 10GBASE-CX4, SFP+ Fiber, SFP+ Passive DAC, and 10GBASE-T, it is the current generation of 10GBASE-T technology that is driving mass adoption of 10GE. This multi-part article analyzes the key differences between 10GBASE-T and other 10GE physical layer technologies, and the impact of 10GBASE-T’s vailability as a LAN-on-Motherboard (LOM) solution on the Romley generation of servers.

10Gtek's SFP+ Passive DAC cables are suitable for very short distances and offer a highly cost-effective way to connect within racks and across adjacent racks. SFP+ cables offers a low cost SFP+ solution. SFP+ directly attached twinax cable assemblies supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Fibre Channel, and other industry standards. This cable is available at lengths from 0.5m to 15m.Take your network farther with Champion ONE’s DACs, which offer compatibility with OEM platforms and cables.Champion ONE DACs support 10GBASE Ethernet standards in 1, 3, 5, and 7 meter lengths. 

SFP+ Transceivers fiber and operate at nominal wavelengths

SFP + optical transceivers fully supports IEEE 802.3ae 10G Ethernet applications and IEEE802.3aq specification covered. Provides transceiver contains SR (wavelength: 850mm), LR (wavelength: 1310mm) and LRM (wavelength: 1310mm) three configurations, ideal for corporate networks and transmission applications. Each transceiver is equipped with a duplex LC fiber optic interface for fiber optic connections, and all are in line with a small form factor transceiver standard SFF-8431, SFF-8432 and SFF-8472. To complement the product offering, FCI also offers SFP + connectors and cover plates and matching fiber LC.Universal 10Gigabit & STM64 SR SFP+ Transceivers - 300m MM 850nm, with Monitoring (DDM / DOM), Standard MSA Multimode Transceiver for 10Gigabit Ethernet, STM64 and 8Gigabit Fibre Channel with LC connector.OptoSpan SFP+ Transceivers ; OptoSpan SFP+ transceiver modules for bi-directional serial optical data communications such as 10GBASE-SR and 10GBASE-SW with distances up to 40km. The SFP+ 20-pin connector allows for hot plug capability. Digital diagnostic functions are available via an I2C. These SFP-H10GB-​CU1M – Compatible Cisco SFP+ cable, SFP+ DAC Twinax cable 1 Meter are designed for multi-mode and single mode fiber and operate at nominal wavelengths of 850- 1610nm (CWDM).